example, by ironic inversion or by subordinating it to a new context. In historical reality these phases inevitably overlap, and the lines between them are often blurred. It would seem that the Jewish apocalyptic writings that lack a common title and are often combined with other forms had not yet attained the generic self-consciousness of Fowler’s second phase, although the genre complex had already been assembled. We should bear in mind that the production of apocalypses continued long into the